Antioxidant Activity of Malvastrum coromandelianum Leaf extracts

 

Akshay R. Yadav*, Shrinivas K. Mohite

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon,

Maharashtra, India-415404.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: akshayyadav24197@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT:

Malvastrum coromandelianum belongs to Malvaceae family, commonly known as the false mallow. Ethnobotanical survey reported its use in the treatment of various disorders. Pharmacological screening has shown the plant to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activity. Antioxidants or inhibitors of oxidation are compounds which retard or prevent the oxidation and in general prolong the life of the oxidizable matter. Majority of the diseases/disorders are mainly linked to oxidative stress due to free radicals. The free radicals (oxidants) are species with very short half-life, high reactivity and damaging activity towards macromolecules like proteins, DNA and lipids. In general, the reactive oxygen species circulating in the body tend to react with the electron of other molecules in the body and these also effect various enzyme systems and cause damage which may further contribute to conditions such as cancer, ischemia, aging, adult respiratory distress syndromes, rheumatoid arthritis etc. A plant-based diet protects against chronic oxidative stress-related diseases. Dietary plants contain variable chemical families and amounts of antioxidants. It has been hypothesized that plant antioxidants may contribute to the beneficial health effects of dietary plants. The results of the free radical scavenging activity of the DPPH radical assay method for antioxidant activity have shown that the Malvastrum coromandelianum leaf extracts exhibits significant scavenging activity.

 

KEYWORDS: Malvastrum coromandelianum, DPPH radical assay method, antioxidant activity.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Genus Malvastrum derives its name from Malva-the Mallow as well as from 'adinstar.' It belongs to the Malvaceae family and closely resembles the Sida Linn family of the same family1. The former gene can easily be distinguished from the latter by the presence of three bracteoles. The species has been described as Coromandelianum Linn, Malva-M. The gene (Flora of Madras). According to Hooker's Flora of British India (1872), the Malvastrum Gray genus includes about 100 species in which only two species are found in India2.

 

These are: Malvastrum coromandelianum, (Linn) Garcke and Malvastrum spicatum. Malvastrum coromandelianum has three small cusps projected onto its carpels3. This is easily differentiated from Malvastrum spicatum based on those cusps. Coromandelianum malvastrum L. Belongs to the Malvaceae family, which has long been renowned for its medicinal properties. Because of the presence of alkaloids, essential oils and phenolic quleoside the plants of this family are well known for their antibacterial and antifungal activities4. Malvastrum coromandelianum is a herb erect, woody, annual, branched or under shrub. Local name of the species is 'Bariara'5. It's normally 60-90 cm high, but it's around 120 cm high sometimes. The plant is growing garden grass, a cultivated field, and waste land. The species is also recorded on disturbed grounds, such as cleared forest areas, uncultivated fields, sides of paths and roads etc6. The plants thrive in places that are open, partly shaded and shaded, in grazed and ungrazed areas. The partial shaded and shaded plants are more erect, robust, less branched, and late flowering; while the plants growing on open and sunny areas spread more branched and early blooming7. However, the plants tend to grow on soils mixed with pieces of stone or brick, although their growth in these places is never luxuriant8. The goal of this study was to observe the antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of the plant with ethyl acetate solvent9-10.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Plant material:

M. coromandelianum was obtained from Kasegaon, sangli, Maharashtra, India. The plant was identified and authenticated by Department of botony, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad.

 

Preparation of plant extract:

Shade drying was done for almost a month as to avoid chemical degradation due to sunlight. Grinding of the dried material was done, with the aid of a grinder and converted into coarse powder. Extraction of malvastrum coromandelianum was done by microwave extraction further filtered and excess solvent present was evaporated and dried extract were collected and subjected for activity studies.

 

In-vitro antioxidant activity:

The antioxidant activity in vitro was performed with appropriate modification using DPPH radical scavenging assay process. In short, the assay was performed at 517 nm using UV spectrophotometer. In the test tube was applied 1 mL of DPPH solution (25 μM) to the 1 mL extract solution (10-4 M). The solution was incubated at 37°C for 30 min, and the absorbance of each solution was calculated against the blank solution of the reagent at 517 nm. The reference antioxidant was ascorbic acid (25 μM). Experimental values summarized for radical scavenging assays with DPPH are expressed as mean ± standard mean error (SEM). The percent free radical scavenging activity was calculated by the formula given below11-12.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The extract was tested with 2,2-diphenyl1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay method using ascorbic acid as normal for their free radical scavenging activity. Extract shows significant scavenging activity ranging from 74 to 86% and the data is expressed in Mean ± SEM. in Table 1.

 

Table 1: In vitro antioxidant activity of the M. coromandelianum extract

Sr. no

Test subs.

Percentage free radical scavenging Activity

1

Ethyl Acetate Extract

79.42 ± 3.09

2

Chloroform Extract

74.87 ± 2.54

3

Ethanolic Extract

86.13 ± 1.84

4

Methanolic Extract

81.42 ± 3.12

5

Ascorbic acid (std)

89.17 ± 1.86

*Results are expressed as the mean values from three independent experiments ± SEM.

 

CONCLUSION:

Tests of 2,2-diphenyl1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay demonstrated significant scavenging activity of the extract. Antioxidants are tremendously important substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress. The results obtained showed that this plant is very important from medicinal point of view, and it needs further phytochemical exploitation to isolate phytochemical constituents showing antioxidant activity.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I express my sincere thanks to Vice-principal Prof. Dr. S. K. Mohite for providing me all necessary facilities and valuable guidance extended to me.

 

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Received on 01.06.2020            Accepted on 19.07.2020           

Accepted on 10.09.2020              ©A&V Publications all right reserved

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2020; 11(2):59-61.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5844.2020.00010.2